The Contemporary Model of Vertebral Column Joint Dysfunction and Impact of High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude Controlled Vertebral Thrusts on Neuromuscular Function

Date
2021-06-23
Authors
Haavik, H
Kumari, N
Holt, K
Niazi, IK
Amjad, I
Pujari, AN
Türker, KS
Murphy, B
Supervisor
Item type
Journal Article
Degree name
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
SPRINGER
Abstract

Purpose: There is growing evidence that vertebral column function and dysfunction play a vital role in neuromuscular control. This invited review summarises the evidence about how vertebral column dysfunction, known as a central segmental motor control (CSMC) problem, alters neuromuscular function and how spinal adjustments (high-velocity, low-amplitude or HVLA thrusts directed at a CSMC problem) and spinal manipulation (HVLA thrusts directed at segments of the vertebral column that may not have clinical indicators of a CSMC problem) alters neuromuscular function.

Methods: The current review elucidates the peripheral mechanisms by which CSMC problems, the spinal adjustment or spinal manipulation alter the afferent input from the paravertebral tissues. It summarises the contemporary model that provides a biologically plausible explanation for CSMC problems, the manipulable spinal lesion. This review also summarises the contemporary, biologically plausible understanding about how spinal adjustments enable more efficient production of muscular force. The evidence showing how spinal dysfunction, spinal manipulation and spinal adjustments alter central multimodal integration and motor control centres will be covered in a second invited review.

Results: Many studies have shown spinal adjustments increase voluntary force and prevent fatigue, which mainly occurs due to altered supraspinal excitability and multimodal integration. The literature suggests physical injury, pain, inflammation, and acute or chronic physiological or psychological stress can alter the vertebral column’s central neural motor control, leading to a CSMC problem. The many gaps in the literature have been identified, along with suggestions for future studies.

Conclusion: Spinal adjustments of CSMC problems impact motor control in a variety of ways. These include increasing muscle force and preventing fatigue. These changes in neuromuscular function most likely occur due to changes in supraspinal excitability. The current contemporary model of the CSMC problem, and our understanding of the mechanisms of spinal adjustments, provide a biologically plausible explanation for how the vertebral column’s central neural motor control can dysfunction, can lead to a self-perpetuating central segmental motor control problem, and how HVLA spinal adjustments can improve neuromuscular function.

Description
Keywords
Chiropractic , Muscle strength , Neuromuscular function , Spinal manipulation , Science & Technology , Life Sciences & Biomedicine , Physiology , Sport Sciences , Chiropractic , Spinal manipulation , Muscle strength , Neuromuscular function , LOW-BACK-PAIN , SUBCLINICAL NECK PAIN , TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION , SPINAL MANIPULATIVE THERAPY , CERVICOCEPHALIC KINESTHETIC SENSIBILITY , ANTICIPATORY POSTURAL ADJUSTMENTS , MECHANICAL ACTIVATION THRESHOLDS , IMPROVE SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION , INTERVERTEBRAL DISC LESION , LUMBAR PARASPINAL MUSCLES , 42 Health Sciences , 4208 Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine , Neurosciences , Pain Research , Neurological , 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences , Sport Sciences , 3202 Clinical sciences , 3208 Medical physiology , 4207 Sports science and exercise
Source
European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN: 1439-6319 (Print); 1439-6327 (Online), SPRINGER, 121(10), 2675-2720. doi: 10.1007/s00421-021-04727-z
Rights statement