BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is experiencing a demographic shift towards rapid ageing at a time of political unrest. We aimed to estimate the burden of neurodegenerative disorders, and its relationship with sociodemographic indicators (SDI) in the EMR countries from 1990 to 2016. METHODS: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2016 study, we calculated country-specific trends for prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) for Alzheimer's disease/other dementias and Parkinson's disease in the EMR during 1990-2016. RESULTS: In EMR, age-standardized prevalence rate of Alzheimer's disease/other dementias and Parkinson's disease was estimated at 759.8 (642.9-899.9) and 87.1 (69.8-108.2) /100,000 in 2016, demonstrating 0.01% and 42.3% change from 1990, respectively. Neurodegenerative disorders contributed to 5.4% of total DALYs and 4.6% of total YLDs among the older EMR population aged 70 years or older in 2016. Age-standardized DALYs due to Parkinson's disease was strongly correlated with the SDI level (r=0.823, p-value<0.001). The YLD/DALY ratio of neurodegenerative diseases declined during this period in the low income EMR countries but not in high income ones. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated an increasing trend in the burden of dementias and Parkinson's disease in most EMR countries between 1990 and 2016. With aging of the EMR populations, countries should target the modifiable risk factors of neurodegenerative diseases to control their increasing burden. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.