Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences

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The research carried out at AUT's Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences can be broadly defined in three themes:

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School of Clinical Sciences
School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies
School of Interprofessional Health Studies

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12 Step Psychotherapy: A Time-limited, Cost-effective Depth Therapy
(New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists (NZAP) Inc., 2017) Fay, J
Twelve step psychotherapy is a time-limited, cost-effective depth psychotherapy that was developed gradually over several years of practising therapy in a public outpatient mental health service setting. Twelve step psychotherapy is structured as twelve discrete steps of one (two at most) session each. It blends clinical and cognitive behavioural psychology, emotionally focussed supportive psychotherapy, trauma therapy, attachment therapy, psychoanalytic investigation and insight, lifespan development, sociotherapy, archetypal psychology and mindfulness meditation. It reflects my particular skill set after 39 years of practising psychotherapy, but it is very teachable and does not take 39 years to learn. Whakarāpopotonga He wā-whakatina, he utunga whakahaere tōtika whakaoranga hinengaro hōhōnu te poutama tekau mā rua whakaora hinengaro, i whakawhanakehia mai i ngā tau maha whakamahinga haumanu i raro i te maru o te rātaonga hauora hinengaro tūmatanui. He whakatakotoranga āta wehea ai ngā tepe tekau mā rua kia kotahi (kāre e rahi ake i te rua) te wāhanga ia huinga. Whakatōpūhia ai te mātai haumanu te mātai hinengaro, te taituarā arotahi kare-ā-roto whakaora hinengaro, haumanu whētuki, haumanu here, rangahau me te whakamāramatanga wetewetenga hinengaro, whakawhanaketanga koiora, mātauranga haumanu hāpori, te hinengaro paerewa, me te āta whaiwhakaaro. E whakaatahia ana ōku ake pūkenga i roto i ngā tau toru tekau mā iwa e mahi ana i taku mahi kaiwhakaora hinengaro, engari ka taea noa ihotia te ako, ā, kāre e pau te toru tekau mā iwa tau te ako.
1RM Prediction and Load-velocity Relationship
(The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 2012) Jidovtseff, B; Cronin, J; Crielaard, J; Villaret, J; Harris, NK
No abstract.
2008 International Gambling Conference - Looking Forward: New Directions in Research and Minimising Public Harm (Final Report)
(Auckland University of Technology (AUT), 2008) Bellringer, M; Nahi, P
The 2008 International Gambling Conference Looking Forward: New Directions in Research and Minimising Public Harm took place on 21 to 23 February 2008 at the Crowne Plaza Hotel, Auckland. On 20 February 2008, two full-day Pre-Conference Workshops were held. In addition to keynote presentations from leading authorities, there were parallel sessions of papers and short workshops selected from proposals submitted by conference participants. For the second time (and in response to positive feedback from the 2006 conference) there was a ‘community voices’ session which was a forum for people who have been impacted by problem gambling, to speak out about their experiences. The Conference provided participants with a forum to examine new and emerging gambling technologies along with their various impacts and consequences. In addition, the papers and short workshops had an emphasis on measures to prevent and reduce harm associated with gambling, including harm from problem gambling. This included government policy and regulation, community engagement and advocacy, industry practice, public education, prevention and early and brief interventions, treatment and rehabilitation. The Pre-Conference Workshops focused on treatment of problem gamblers, and public health/social marketing approaches to reducing gambling harm. The Conference and Workshops brought together service providers and consumers, government officials and regulators, industry representatives, researchers and academics in gambling and related fields. The Conference was assisted by a grant from the Ministry of Health.
3 year stroke survivors: the long term impact of stroke on cognition and factors associated with recovery
(SAGE, 2015) Mahon (Nee Haslemore), S
Worldwide, stroke is the second commonest cause of death and the most frequent cause of disability in adults, having an enormous physical, psychological and financial impact on patients, families, the health care system, and society. There is evidence that stroke should be considered a long-term condition, with many stroke survivors still experiencing adverse outcomes several years after their stroke. One of the strongest predictors of post stroke outcome are severity and patient age. Stroke severity can be judged clinically, based upon the degree of neurological impairment and the size and location of the infarction. Other important influences on stroke outcome include cardiovascular disease, co-morbid conditions, epidemiologic factors, cognitive impairment and complications of stroke. Severity of stroke is one of the most important factors affecting short and long-term outcome. Existing data on long-term health-related outcomes within the stroke population is limited; has small sample sizes, poor verification of stroke subtypes, poor study design and short-term follow-up (within 12 months). In addition there is a lack of data which provides a fair representation of all ethnic groups in New Zealand who have experienced a stroke. Accurate and representative longitudinal data are needed to determine the impact of stroke, in order to identify key factors that may impact stroke recovery and identify vulnerable groups who are at greater risk for poorer outcomes following stroke. This may provide a greater insight into who is affected most with stroke and why. This study seeks to examine the burden of stroke at three and six-years (n=2180). Identification of predictors that make independent contributions to outcomes post- stroke will inform the development of techniques to manage and/or cope with such deficits, guide remediation and optimize rehabilitation. This study provides a unique opportunity to address current gaps in knowledge in this area and may inform healthcare policy to improve overall outcomes in this population.
30-year trends in stroke rates and outcome in Auckland, New Zealand (1981-2012): a multi-ethnic population-based series of studies
(PLoS One, 2015) Feigin, VL; Krishnamurthi, RV; Barker-Collo, S; McPherson, KM; Barber, PA; Parag, V; Arroll, B; Bennett, DA; Tobias, M; Jones, A; Witt, E; Brown, P; Abbott, M; Bhattacharjee, R; Rush, E; Suh, FM; Theadom, A; Rathnasabapathy, Y; Te Ao, B; Parmar, PG; Anderson, C; Bonita, R; ARCOS IV Group
Insufficient data exist on population-based trends in morbidity and mortality to determine the success of prevention strategies and improvements in health care delivery in stroke. The aim of this study was to determine trends in incidence and outcome (1-year mortality, 28-day case-fatality) in relation to management and risk factors for stroke in the multi-ethnic population of Auckland, New Zealand (NZ) over 30-years.
A Comprehensive Chemical Analysis of New Zealand Yacon Concentrate
(MDPI, ) Chessum, Keegan; Kam, Rothman; Chen, Tony; Yan, Mary
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is an ancient Andean crop, traditionally used for both food and medicinal purposes, which was first introduced to New Zealand in the 1980s. In recent years, there has been growing global interest in yacon due to its potential as a functional food, which could be related to its unique profile of bioactive compounds, including prebiotic compounds, such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and phenolic compounds, which may have a range of activities, including antioxidant ones. FOS are non-digestible prebiotic carbohydrates, providing low calorific value and a positive impact on gut microflora. Our objective was to conduct a comprehensive chemical analysis of New Zealand yacon concentrate (NZYC, a sweet syrup produced from juice extracted from New Zealand grown yacon roots). Analysis included proximate composition, mineral, sugar, phenolic, amino acid, and organic acid profiles as well as antioxidant activity. The major mineral identified in NZYC was potassium (658 ± 6 mg/100 g), with significant concentrations of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and iron also determined by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The FOS content of NZYC ranged from 17.6 ± 0.3 to 52.7 ± 0.8 g/100 g as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), coupled with an evaporating light scattering detector (ELSD). The total phenolic content of NZYC ranged from 565 ± 9 to 785 ± 43 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 g by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were quantified as the major phenolic compounds. The major amino acids quantified were L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-aspartic acid, and asparagine. The major organic acids quantified were citric, malic, quinic, and fumaric acids. The antioxidant activity of NZYC was determined by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assay, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and it was several times higher than both Manuka honey and goji berries by the basis of weight. These results support the classification of New Zealand yacon concentrate as a nutraceutical food product and its use in further development of novel food products.
A Critical Tiriti Analysis of Te Pae Tata: The Interim New Zealand Health Plan
(New Zealand Medical Association, 2023-04-14) Rae, Ngaire; Came, Heather; Bain, Leah; McCambridge, Alana
The current health reforms in Aotearoa New Zealand are being described as “transformational”. Political leaders and Crown officials maintain the reforms embed a commitment to Te Tiriti o Waitangi, address racism and promote health equity. These claims are familiar and have been used to socialise previous health sector reforms. This paper interrogates claims of engagement with Te Tiriti by undertaking a desktop critical Tiriti analysis (CTA) of Te Pae Tata: the Interim New Zealand Health Plan. CTA follows five stages from orientation, close reading, determination, strengthening practice, to the Māori final word. The determination was done individually and a consensus was negotiated from the indicators; silent, poor, fair, good, or excellent. Te Pae Tata proactively engaged with Te Tiriti across the entirety of the plan. The authors assessed Te Tiriti elements of the preamble, kāwanatanga and tino rangatiratanga as “fair”, ōritetanga as “good” and wairuatanga as “poor”. Engaging more substantively with Te Tiriti requires the Crown to recognise that Māori never ceded sovereignty and treaty principles are not equivalent to the authoritative Māori text. Recommendations of the Waitangi Tribunal WAI 2575 and Haumaru reports need to be explicitly addressed to allow monitoring of progress.
A description of the methodology used in an overview of reviews to evaluate evidence on the treatment, harms, diagnosis/ classification, prognosis and outcomes used in the management of neck pain
(Bentham Open, 2013) Santaguida, L; Keshavarz, H; Carlesso, L; Lomoton, M; Gross, A; MacDermid, J; Walton, D; Reid, Duncan Arthur
Background: Neck Pain (NP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder and the literature provides conflicting evidence about its management. Objective: To describe the methodology used to conduct an overview of reviews (OvR) and to characterize the distribution and risk of bias profiles across the evidence for all areas of NP management. Methods: Standard systematic review (SR) methodology was employed. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, ILC, Cochrane CENTRAL, and LILACS were searched from 2000 to March 2012; Narrative and SR and clinical practice guidelines (CPG) evaluating the efficacy of treatment (benefits and harms), diagnosis/classification, prognosis, and outcomes were eligible. For treatment, articles were limited to SRs from 2005 forward. Risk of bias of SR was assessed with the AMSTAR; the AGREE II was used to critically appraise the CPGs. Results: From 2476 articles, 508 were eligible for full text screening. A total of 341 articles were included. Treatment (n=117) had the greatest yield. Other clinical areas had less literature (diagnosis=54, prognosis=16, outcomes=27, harms=16). There were no SR for classification and narrative reviews were problematic for this topic. There was great overlap across different databases within each clinical area except for those for outcome measures. Risk of bias assessment using the AMSTAR of eligible SRs showed a similar trend across different clinical areas. Conclusion: A summary of methods used to review the literature in five clinical areas of NP management have been described. The challenges of selecting and synthesizing eligible articles in an OvR required customized solutions across different areas of clinical focus.
A Fair Go for All: A Problematic Contribution to Anti-racism Praxis in Aotearoa
(Auckland University of Technology, 2013) Came, H
In New Zealand, the Human Rights Commission is the lead agency in countering institutional racism. They have recently undertaken a major research project, A Fair Go For All (Human Rights Commission 2011), to inform the development of a national strategy/approach to counter structural discrimination. This paper, from an activist scholarship standpoint argues their chosen approach has ignoring the power relations inherent in researching racism. Furthermore their approach has minimised both the historic element of racism against Māori and the significance of Te Tiriti o Waitangi to anti-racism praxis in Aotearoa. Rather than endorse an ad hoc approach with a focus on practitioner bias (personally-mediated racism), and addressing ethnic inequalities (the outcome of institutional racism) this paper advocates for a Tiriti based systems change approach to transform institutional racism as it manifests in the neo-colonial context of Aotearoa.
A Global Perspective on Collision and Non-collision Match Characteristics in Male Rugby Union: Comparisons by Age and Playing Standard
(Informa UK Limited, 2023-02-19) Till, K; Hendricks, S; Scantlebury, S; Dalton-Barron, N; Gill, N; den Hollander, S; Kemp, S; Kilding, AE; Lambert, M; Mackreth, P; O’Reilly, J; Owen, C; Spencer, K; Stokes, K; Tee, J; Tucker, R; Vaz, L; Weaving, D; Jones, B
This study quantified and compared the collision and non-collision match characteristics across age categories (i.e. U12, U14, U16, U18, Senior) for both amateur and elite playing standards from Tier 1 rugby union nations (i.e. England, South Africa, New Zealand). Two-hundred and one male matches (5911 min ball-in-play) were coded using computerised notational analysis, including 193,708 match characteristics (e.g. 83,688 collisions, 33,052 tackles, 13,299 rucks, 1006 mauls, 2681 scrums, 2923 lineouts, 44,879 passes, 5568 kicks). Generalised linear mixed models with post-hoc comparisons and cluster analysis compared the match characteristics by age category and playing standard. Overall significant differences (p < 0.001) between age category and playing standard were found for the frequency of match characteristics, and tackle and ruck activity. The frequency of characteristics increased with age category and playing standard except for scrums and tries that were the lowest at the senior level. For the tackle, the percentage of successful tackles, frequency of active shoulder, sequential and simultaneous tackles increased with age and playing standard. For ruck activity, the number of attackers and defenders were lower in U18 and senior than younger age categories. Cluster analysis demonstrated clear differences in all and collision match characteristics and activity by age category and playing standard. These findings provide the most comprehensive quantification and comparison of collision and non-collision activity in rugby union demonstrating increased frequency and type of collision activity with increasing age and playing standard. These findings have implications for policy to ensure the safe development of rugby union players throughout the world.
A Heideggerian Analysis of Good Care in an Acute Hospital Setting: Insights from Healthcare Workers, Patients and Families.
(Wiley, 2023-05-17) Dewar, Jan; Cook, Catherine; Smythe, Elizabeth; Spence, Deborah
This study articulates the relational constituents of good care beyond techno-rational competence. Neoliberal healthcare means that notions of care are readily commodified and reduced to quantifiable assessments and checklists. This novel research investigated accounts of good care provided by nursing, medical, allied and auxiliary staff. The Heideggerian phenomenological study was undertaken in acute medical-surgical wards, investigating the contextual, communicative nature of care. The study involved interviews with 17 participants: 3 previous patients, 3 family members and 11 staff. Data were analysed iteratively, dwelling with stories and writing and rewriting to surface the phenomenality of good care. The data set highlighted the following essential constituents: authentic care: caring encompassing solicitude (fürsorge); impromptu care: caring beyond role category; sustained care: caring beyond specialist parameters; attuned care: caring encompassing family and culture; and insightful care: caring beyond assessment and diagnosis. The findings are clinically significant because they indicate the importance of nurse leaders and educators harnessing the potential capacity of all healthcare workers to participate in good care. Healthcare workers reported that participating in or witnessing good care was uplifting and added meaning to their work, contributing to a sense of shared humanity.
A Historical Narrative of the Development of Midwifery Education in Indonesia
(Elsevier, 2022-06-20) Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Gilkison, Andrea; McAra-Couper, Judith
AIM: To describe the history of midwifery education, present the current education programmes and explore the ways that have been undertaken to advance the midwifery profession in Indonesia. METHODS: Historical and contemporary government documents were reviewed. FINDINGS: The history of midwifery education in Indonesia shows a complex picture during and since colonisation with government, education institutes and association proposing different ways in which midwives were to be educated. Advocacy from the midwifery profession in Indonesia meant increasingly it is midwives who are determining how midwifery education is provided. Recent initiatives have resulted in a diploma, advanced diploma, bachelor's degree, and a master's degree in midwifery. The work of the midwifery profession advocating for midwifery education culminated in the Midwifery Act 2019. These changes in this Act will ensure that midwifery education meets the needs of women and their families but also lead to competent midwives who have the knowledge and skills to provide midwifery services at all levels of health provision. The history of midwifery in Indonesia illustrates the importance of the ICM pillars of association, regulation, and education. CONCLUSION: The history of midwifery education in Indonesia shows that for too long midwifery education was decided, determined and even regulated by authorities and disciplines other than midwifery. However, when the midwifery association and regulation inform and regulate midwifery education then there is an opportunity to provide care that will make a difference in outcomes for women and their families. The historical analysis of the story of Indonesia midwifery gives insight into what is required for quality education.
A new paradigm for primary prevention strategy in people with elevated risk of stroke
(International Journal of Stroke published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Stroke Organization, 2014-07) Feigin, VL; Norrving, B
Existing methods of primary stroke prevention are not sufficiently effective. Based on the recently developed Stroke Riskometer app, a new 'mass-elevated risk stroke/cardiovascular disease prevention' approach as an addition to the currently adopted absolute risk stroke/cardiovascular disease prevention approach is being advocated. We believe this approach is far more appealing to the individuals concerned and could be as efficient as the conventional population-based approach because it allows identification and engagement in prevention of all individuals who are at an increased (even slightly increased) risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease. The key novelty of this approach is twofold. First, it utilizes modern far-reaching mobile technologies, allowing individuals to calculate their absolute risk of stroke within the next 5 to 10 years and to compare their risk with those of the same age and gender without risk factors. Second, it employs self-management strategies to engage the person concerned in stroke/cardiovascular disease prevention, which is tailored to the person's individual risk profile. Preventative strategies similar to the Stroke Riskometer could be developed for other non-communicable disorders for which reliable predictive models and preventative recommendations exist. This would help reduce the burden of non-communicable disorders worldwide.
A Novel Method to Assist Clinical Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury by Classifying Patient Subgroups Using Wearable Sensors and Exertion Testing: A Pilot Study
(MDPI AG, 2023-05-26) McGeown, Joshua P; Pedersen, Mangor; Hume, Patria A; Theadom, Alice; Kara, Stephen; Russell, Brian
Although injury mechanisms of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may be similar across patients, it is becoming increasingly clear that patients cannot be treated as one homogenous group. Several predominant symptom clusters (PSC) have been identified, each requiring specific and individualised treatment plans. However, objective methods to support these clinical decisions are lacking. This pilot study explored whether wearable sensor data collected during the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT) combined with a deep learning approach could accurately classify mTBI patients with physiological PSC versus vestibulo-ocular PSC. A cross-sectional design evaluated a convolutional neural network model trained with electrocardiography (ECG) and accelerometry data. With a leave-one-out approach, this model classified 11 of 12 (92%) patients with physiological PSC and 3 of 5 (60%) patients with vestibulo-ocular PSC. The same classification accuracy was observed in a model only using accelerometry data. Our pilot results suggest that adding wearable sensors during clinical tests like the BCTT, combined with deep learning models, may have the utility to assist management decisions for mTBI patients in the future. We reiterate that more validation is needed to replicate the current results.
A phenomenological study of occupational engagement in recovery from mental illness
(SAGE, 2012) Sutton, D; Hocking, C; Smythe, L
This study aimed to uncover the meaning of occupation for 13 people who self identified as being in recovery from mental illness. Recovery narratives were collected from the participants in a series of open ended conversational interviews that were recorded and transcribed. The interview transcripts were analysed using phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches, with a focus on participants’ descriptions of engagement in everyday occupations. A range of experiences were evident, from complete disengagement to complete absorption in occupations. Participants described significant shifts in their experience of time, space, body and other people while in different modes of occupation and these were captured under the themes of ‘non-doing’, ‘half-doing’, ‘engaged doing’ and ‘absorbed doing’. Each mode had the potential to support recovery by creating opportunities for participants to reconnect with aspects of their being-in-the-world. The findings highlight the dynamics at play in different modes of occupation and suggest that all forms of engagement, including disengagement, can be significant in the recovery process. A greater understanding of the dynamics of occupation for people experiencing mental illness will enable carers and mental health services to more effectively support people in their recovery.
A postoperative shoulder exercise program improves function and decreases pain following open thoracotomy: a randomised trial
(Australian Physiotherapy Association, 2010) Reeve, J; Stiller, K; Nicol, K; McPherson, KM; Birch, P; Gordon, IR; Denehy, L
QUESTION: Does a postoperative physiotherapy exercise program incorporating shoulder exercises improve shoulder function, pain, range of motion, muscle strength, and health-related quality of life in patients undergoing elective pulmonary resection via open thoracotomy? DESIGN: Randomised trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis. PARTICIPANTS: 76 patients who underwent pulmonary resection via open thoracotomy. INTERVENTION: All participants received standard medical and nursing care involving a clinical pathway. The experimental group also received physiotherapy interventions that included daily supervised, progressive exercises until discharge and a postoperative exercise booklet on discharge. OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperatively and up to 3 months postoperatively pain was measured with a numerical rating scale, shoulder function with the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and quality of life with the Short Form-36. Shoulder range of motion and muscle strength were measured in a subgroup. RESULTS: The experimental group had 1.3 units (95% CI 0.3 to 2.2) less shoulder pain (scored /10) and 2.2 units (95% CI 0.2 to 4.3) less total pain (scored /30) at discharge, and 7.6% (95% CI 1.7 to 13.6) better function at 3 months. The Short Form-36 physical component score was 4.8 points (95% CI -0.3 to 10.0) better for the experimental group than the control group at 3 months. Differences between groups in all range of motion and strength measures were small and statistically non-significant. CONCLUSION: A physiotherapist-directed postoperative exercise program resulted in significant benefits in pain and shoulder function over usual care for patients following open thoracotomy.
A Process for Assessing the Reliability and Validity of Questions for Use in Online Surveys: Exploring How Communication Technology Is Used Between Lead Maternity Carer Midwives and Pregnant People in Aotearoa New Zealand
(SAGE Publishing, 2023-01-22) Wakelin, KJ; McAra-Couper, J; Fleming, T; Erlam, GD
There is growing use of communication technology in Aotearoa New Zealand. How it is used between midwives and pregnant people is unknown. Surveys are ideal for gathering information when there is little known of a phenomenon. Aligning questions to a midwifery informed framework provides an innovate approach to explore this issue. To assess reliability and validity of questions for two online surveys using a tool created for an expert advisory group of midwives with experience in survey design and midwifery practice. An innovative approach is taken to validate questions for two online surveys using an expert advisory group of seven midwifery academic researchers with experience in both quantitative and qualitative research designs, and midwifery practice. The group were asked to rate items using a 4-point rating scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Analysis of the scoring was undertaken using Content Validity Index, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and review of comments by the group. Quantitative scoring of both survey instruments were valid and reliable. The overall Content Validity Index score was 0.92 (midwives) and 0.93 (pregnant people). The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient score was.78 (midwives) and.83 (pregnant people). Qualitative comments reinforced the validity and reliability of survey questions. An innovative approach was taken in assessing the reliability and validity of two online surveys using a midwifery expert advisory group and a midwifery framework to situate the surveys within a midwifery body of expertise and knowledge. The comments made by midwifery experts provided an extra layer in the validation of survey instruments using Content Validity Index and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient scoring. Creating a tool for validating questions developed by midwives for an expert group of midwives recognises the potential patriarchal roots of knowledge production and dissemination and enables marginalised voices to be heard.
A Quantitative Analysis of Factors Which Influence Supplement Use and Doping Among Adolescent Athletes in New Zealand
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-01-13) Clancy, Sian; Oldham, Anthony; Borotkanics, Robert; Millar, Sarah
Objectives. Doping is a maladaptive behaviour which poses numerous risks and potentially enhances athletic performance while supplement use poses threats of positive, yet inadvertent, doping control results. Investigation is required to understand factors that influence adolescent supplement use and doping in New Zealand (NZ). Design. A survey was completed by 660 athletes aged 13 to 18 years, of any gender, who competed at any level of any sport in NZ. Forty-three independent variables measured autonomy, confidence sources, motivational climate, social norms and age. Methods. Multivariate, ordinal, and binary logistic regression models measured associations between independent variables and five dependant variables: supplement use, doping, doping considerations and intent (soon and in the next year). Results. Confidence through mastery, internally perceived locus of control (IPLOC) and volition decreased the odds of doping while confidence through self-presentation, subjective and descriptive norms increased the odds of supplement use and doping. Conclusion. To decrease the odds of doping, adolescent autonomy should be increased in sport through opportunities for volitional decision making and exposure to mastery as a confidence source.
A service delivery model of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy utilising clinical education
(World Confederation for Physical Therapy, 2011) Binns, E; Taylor, D
Purpose: To use a unique method of service delivery for Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Relevance: Despite strong evidence of effectiveness Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy is not a readily available treatment option in New Zealand post-stroke. There is no hard evidence to provide a rationale for the lack of this treatment option however, anecdotally the amount of therapist time required and therefore the amount of human resource consumed deems this treatment financially prohibitive. Participants: A self-selected group of chronic stroke patients (n=6, time since stroke ranged from 22 to 84 months). Methods: A Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy programme was delivered five hours a day for five days a week for 2 two weeks. as per the original protocol described by Wolf and colleagues
A Six-Month Telerehabilitation Programme Delivered via Readily Accessible Technology Is Acceptable to People Following Stroke: A Qualitative Study
(Elsevier BV, 2023-05-19) Saywell, Nicola L; Mudge, Suzie; Kayes, Nicola M; Stavric, Verna; Taylor, Denise
Objective To explore the experiences of participants during a six-month, post-stroke telerehabilitation programme. Design A qualitative descriptive study to investigate participant experiences of ACTIV (Augmented Community Telerehabilitation Intervention), a six-month tailored exercise programme delivered by physiotherapists primarily using readily accessible telecommunication technology. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were used to collect data, which were analysed using thematic analysis. Setting Interviews conducted in participants’ homes or a community facility. Participants Participants were eligible if they had a stroke in the previous 18 months and had participated in ACTIV. Results Twenty-one participants were interviewed. Four key themes were constructed from the data: 1. ‘ACTIV was not what I call physio’ (it differed from participants’ expectations of physiotherapy, but they reported many positive aspects to the programme). 2. ‘There’s somebody there’ (ongoing support from the physiotherapists helped participants find strategies to continue improving). 3. ‘Making progress’ (in the face of barriers, small improvements were valued). 4. ‘What I really want’ (participant goals were frequently more general than therapy goals and involved progress towards getting back to ‘normal’). Conclusions Although ACTIV was not what participants expected from physiotherapy, the majority found contact from a physiotherapist reduced the feeling of being left to struggle alone. Most participants found a programme with minimal face-to-face contact augmented by phone calls and encouraging text messages to be helpful and acceptable.

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