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Tuwhera Open Access Research Outputs provides free access to full texts of scholarly works from AUT's Schools, Research Institutes and Centres.
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Browsing Open Research by Subject "0608 Zoology"
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- ItemHistopathological Investigation of Four Populations of Abalone (Haliotis iris) Exhibiting Divergent Growth Performance(Elsevier BV, 2023-12-14) Copedo, JS; Webb, SC; Ragg, NLC; Venter, L; Alfaro, ACThe black-foot abalone (pāua), Haliotis iris, is a unique and valuable species to New Zealand with cultural importance for Māori. Abalone are marine gastropods that can display a high level of phenotypic variation, including slow-growing or ‘stunted’ variants. This investigation focused on identifying factors that are associated with growth performance, with particular interest in the slow-growing variants. Tissue alterations in H. iris were examined using histopathological techniques, in relation to growth performance, contrasting populations classified by commercial harvesters as ‘stunted’ (i.e., slow-growing) and ‘non-stunted’ (i.e., fast-growing) from four sites around the Chatham Islands (New Zealand). Ten adults and 10 sub-adults were collected from each of the four sites and prepared for histological assessment of condition, tissue alterations, presence of food and presence of parasites. The gut epithelium connective tissue, digestive gland, gill lamellae and right kidney tissues all displayed signs of structural differences between the slow-growing and fast-growing populations. Overall, several factors appear to be correlated to growth performance. The individuals from slow-growing populations were observed to have more degraded macroalgal fragments in the midgut, increased numbers of ceroid granules in multiple tissues, as well as increased prevalence of birefringent mineral crystals and haplosporidian-like parasites in the right kidney. The histopathological approaches presented here complement anecdotal field observations of reduced seaweed availability and increased sand incursion at slow-growing sites, while providing an insight into the health of individual abalone and sub-populations. The approaches described here will ultimately help elucidate the drivers behind variable growth performance which, in turn, supports fisheries management decisions and future surveillance programs.
- ItemPriorities for Synthesis Research in Ecology and Environmental Science(Wiley, 2023-01-11) Halpern, Benjamin S; Boettiger, Carl; Dietze, Michael C; Gephart, Jessica A; Gonzalez, Patrick; Grimm, Nancy B; Groffman, Peter M; Gurevitch, Jessica; Hobbie, Sarah E; Komatsu, Kimberly J; Kroeker, Kristy J; Lahr, Heather J; Lodge, David M; Lortie, Christopher J; Lowndes, Julie SS; Micheli, Fiorenza; Possingham, Hugh P; Ruckelshaus, Mary H; Scarborough, Courtney; Wood, Chelsea L; Wu, Grace C; Aoyama, Lina; Arroyo, Eva E; Bahlai, Christie A; Beller, Erin E; Blake, Rachael E; Bork, Karrigan S; Branch, Trevor A; Brown, Norah EM; Brun, Julien; Bruna, Emilio M; Buckley, Lauren B; Burnett, Jessica L; Castorani, Max CN; Cheng, Samantha H; Cohen, Sarah C; Couture, Jessica L; Crowder, Larry B; Dee, Laura E; Dias, Arildo S; Diaz‐Maroto, Ignacio J; Downs, Martha R; Dudney, Joan C; Ellis, Erle C; Emery, Kyle A; Eurich, Jacob G; Ferriss, Bridget E; Fredston, Alexa; Furukawa, Hikaru; Gagné, Sara A; Garlick, Sarah R; Garroway, Colin J; Gaynor, Kaitlyn M; González, Angélica L; Grames, Eliza M; Guy‐Haim, Tamar; Hackett, Ed; Hallett, Lauren M; Harms, Tamara K; Haulsee, Danielle E; Haynes, Kyle J; Hazen, Elliott L; Jarvis, Rebecca M; Jones, Kristal; Kandlikar, Gaurav S; Kincaid, Dustin W; Knope, Matthew L; Koirala, Anil; Kolasa, Jurek; Kominoski, John S; Koricheva, Julia; Lancaster, Lesley T; Lawlor, Jake A; Lowman, Heili E; Muller‐Karger, Frank E; Norman, Kari EA; Nourn, Nan; O'Hara, Casey C; Ou, Suzanne X; Padilla‐Gamino, Jacqueline L; Pappalardo, Paula; Peek, Ryan A; Pelletier, Dominique; Plont, Stephen; Ponisio, Lauren C; Portales‐Reyes, Cristina; Provete, Diogo B; Raes, Eric J; Ramirez‐Reyes, Carlos; Ramos, Irene; Record, Sydne; Richardson, Anthony J; Salguero‐Gómez, Roberto; Satterthwaite, Erin V; Schmidt, Chloé; Schwartz, Aaron J; See, Craig R; Shea, Brendan D; Smith, Rachel S; Sokol, Eric R; Solomon, Christopher T; Spanbauer, Trisha; Stefanoudis, Paris V; Sterner, Beckett W; Sudbrack, Vitor; Tonkin, Jonathan D; Townes, Ashley R; Valle, Mireia; Walter, Jonathan A; Wheeler, Kathryn I; Wieder, William R; Williams, David R; Winter, Marten; Winterova, Barbora; Woodall, Lucy C; Wymore, Adam S; Youngflesh, CaseySynthesis research in ecology and environmental science improves understanding, advances theory, identifies research priorities, and supports management strategies by linking data, ideas, and tools. Accelerating environmental challenges increases the need to focus synthesis science on the most pressing questions. To leverage input from the broader research community, we convened a virtual workshop with participants from many countries and disciplines to examine how and where synthesis can address key questions and themes in ecology and environmental science in the coming decade. Seven priority research topics emerged: (1) diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ), (2) human and natural systems, (3) actionable and use-inspired science, (4) scale, (5) generality, (6) complexity and resilience, and (7) predictability. Additionally, two issues regarding the general practice of synthesis emerged: the need for increased participant diversity and inclusive research practices; and increased and improved data flow, access, and skill-building. These topics and practices provide a strategic vision for future synthesis in ecology and environmental science.
- ItemQuantification of Photobacterium swingsii and Characterisation of Disease Progression in the New Zealand Greenshell™ Mussel, Perna canaliculus(Elsevier BV, 2024-01-19) Azizan, Awanis; Alfaro, Andrea C; Venter, Leonie; Jaramillo, Diana; Bestbier, Mark; Bennett, Peter; Foxwell, Jonathan; Young, TimGreenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus) are endemic to New Zealand and support the largest aquaculture industry in the country. Photobacterium swingsii was isolated and identified from moribund P. canaliculus mussels following a mass mortality event. In this study, a challenge experiment was used to characterise, detect, and quantify P. swingsii in adult P. canaliculus following pathogen exposure via injection into the adductor muscle. A positive control (heat-killed P. swingsii injection) was included to account for the effects of injection and inactive bacterial exposure. Survival of control and infected mussels remained 100% during 72-hour monitoring period. Haemolymph was sampled for bacterial colony counts and haemocyte flow cytometry analyses; histology sections were obtained and processed for histopathological assessments; and adductor muscle, gill, digestive gland were sampled for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses, all conducted at 12, 24, 48 h post-challenge (hpc). The most profound effects of bacterial injection on mussels were seen at 48 hpc, where mussel mortality, haemocyte counts and haemolymph bacterial colony forming were the highest. The quantification of P. swingsii via qPCR showed highest levels of bacterial DNA at 12 hpc in the adductor muscle, gill, and digestive gland. Histopathological observations suggested a non-specific inflammatory response in all mussels associated with a general stress response. This study highlights the physiological effects of P. swingsii infection in P. canaliculus mussels and provides histopathological insight into the tissue injury caused by the action of injection into the adductor muscle. The multi-technique methods used in this study can be applied for use in early surveillance programs of bacterial infection on mussel farms.