School of Sport and Recreation
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The School of Sport and Recreation has groups of academic researchers who conduct research in sport and activity-related areas. Research areas are:
- Co-operative education
- Outdoor education
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Browsing School of Sport and Recreation by Subject "1117 Public Health and Health Services"
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- ItemAre Spanish Adolescents Who Actively Commute to and From School More Active in Other Domains? A Spatiotemporal Investigation(Elsevier BV, 2024-02-28) Campos-Garzón, P; Stewart, T; Palma-Leal, X; Molina-García, J; Herrador-Colmenero, M; Schipperijn, J; Chillón, P; Barranco-Ruiz, YWe examined the association between mode of commuting to/from school (i.e., walking, multimodal, and motorized-vehicle) and movement behaviours in several space-time domains (i.e., total day, home, school, transport, and other locations). Walking to and/or from school was associated with higher MVPA in all space-time domains except home, where no associations were found. After subtracting commuting time to/from school from total day domain, the associations in favour of walking to/from school were maintained compared to those using other commuting modes, and in transport domain these associations dissipated. The study suggests the importance of promoting walking to/from school for increasing MVPA levels.
- ItemCorrelates of the Intention to Use a Bike Library System Among New Zealand Adolescents from Different Settlement Types(Elsevier BV, 2024-01-01) Molina-García, J; Queralt, A; Flaherty, C; García Bengoechea, E; Mandic, SIntroduction: Bike library systems (BLS) are present in several cities around the world. These systems have been implemented as policies to promote physical activity and health, and to reduce, among others, traffic congestion and air pollution. The implementation of BLS could facilitate the use of bicycle in countries like New Zealand, where the proportion of adolescents using cycling as a mode of transport is quite low. This study examined the correlates of the intention to use a BLS in a sample of New Zealand adolescents living in different settlement types. Methods: Adolescents (n = 2355; age: 13–18 years) from 23 secondary schools in the Otago region, New Zealand participated in this study. Participants completed an online questionnaire reporting their sociodemographic characteristics, transport to school, an interest in BLS and perceptions of cycling in general and cycling to school. Data were examined using multiple linear regression. Results: Overall, 17.1% of adolescents stated that they would use a BLS if it was available in their area. In the regression model, positive correlates of the intention to use a BLS were participant's age, adolescents liking bicycle riding for recreational purposes, cycling often with friends, and cycling to school being perceived as interesting/pleasant/stimulating and a great way to get some exercise (all p < 0.01). Negative correlates were male gender and having two or more bicycles at home (all p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Different sociodemographic, individual and interpersonal factors were identified as significant correlates of the adolescents’ intention to use a BLS. These findings can be used to assist in designing more effective interventions to promote bicycle use among adolescents based on the BLS implementation.
- ItemDifferences in Physical Activity Participation Among Young Adults in Aotearoa New Zealand(BMC, 2023-01-23) Wilson, OWA; Smith, M; Duncan, S; Hinckson, E; Mizdrak, A; Richards, JBackground: The purpose of this study was to examine socio-demographic differences in physical activity (aerobic and muscle-strengthening) among young adults (18–24 years). Methods: Data collected between 2017–2019 as a part of Sport New Zealand’s Active NZ survey were examined using logistic regression analyses to determine the odds of participants meeting aerobic, muscle-strengthening and combined physical activity recommendations. Gender, ethnicity, employment/student status, disability status, and socio-economic deprivation were included as explanatory variables in analyses. Results: The proportion of young adults meeting recommendations varied according to physical activity type (aerobic:63.2%; strength:40.1%; combined:37.2%). Young adults not employed/studying had lower odds of meeting recommendations than those full-time employed (OR = 0.43 [0.34–0.54]). Physical activity levels differ according to gender and this intersects with ethnicity, employment/student status, and social deprivation. For example, the odds of Pasifika young adults meeting combined physical activity recommendations compared to Europeans were not different (OR = 0.95 [0.76–1.19]), but when stratified by gender the odds were significantly higher for men (OR = 1.55 [1.11–2.16]) and significantly lower for women (OR = 0.64 [0.47–0.89]. Similarly, young adults in high deprivation areas had lower odds of meeting combined physical activity recommendations than those in low deprivation areas (OR = 0.81 [0.68–0.95]), but this was mainly due to the difference among women (OR = 0.68 [0.54–0.85]) as there was no difference among men (OR = 0.97 [0.76–1.25]). Conclusions: Intersections between socio-demographic characteristics should be considered when promoting physical activity among young adults in Aotearoa New Zealand, particularly young adults not employed/studying, and young women who live in deprived areas or identify as Asian or Pasifika. Tailored approaches according to activity type for each of these groups are required.
- ItemExamining the Transport to School Patterns of New Zealand Adolescents by Home-to-School Distance and Settlement Types(Elsevier BV, 2023-05-01) Mandic, S; García Bengoechea, E; Hopkins, D; Coppell, K; Smith, M; Moore, A; Keall, M; Ergler, C; Sandretto, S; Wilson, G; Kidd, G; Flaherty, C; Mindell, JS; Stephenson, J; King, K; Spence, JCBackground: Scholarship on active transport to school has largely focused on children, (large) urban areas, the umbrella term of “active transport” which considered walking and cycling together and without taking into account walking and/or cycling distance. This research examined adolescents’ patterns of transport to school in diverse settlement types and in relation to home-to-school distance in the Otago region of Aotearoa New Zealand. Methods: Patterns of transport to school by home-to-school distance, and across school locations, are described for a sample of 2,403 adolescents (age: 15.1 ± 1.4 years; 55% females) attending 23 out of 27 schools in large urban areas (n = 1,309; 11 schools), medium urban areas (n = 265; three schools), small urban areas (n = 652; four schools) and rural settings (n = 177; five schools). Empirical data were collected through an online survey, in which adolescents reported sociodemographic characteristics, travel to school, and perceptions of walking and cycling. Home-to-school distance was measured on the shortest route determined using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based network analysis. Results: Transport to school patterns differed significantly by home-to-school distance and across settlement types. Profiles of different transport user groups showed significant variability in sociodemographic characteristics, family factors, average distance to school, self-reported physical activity, and perceived health. Conclusions: Initiatives to promote active transport and reduce reliance on car transport to school, whether to improve health and the environment or to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, need to pay closer attention to the settlement types, distance to school, and characteristics of different transport user modes.
- ItemPhysical Activity, Screen Time and Dietary Behaviours in New Zealand Adolescents Prior to and Following the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-01-16) Mandic, Sandra; Khan, Asaduzzaman; García Bengoechea, Enrique; Coppell, Kirsten J; Spence, John C; Smith, MelodyBACKGROUND: Insufficient physical activity, high screen time, and unhealthy dietary patterns among adolescents may have worsened during the pandemic, but data are lacking. This study compared physical activity, screen time and fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents from Dunedin, New Zealand, 5-6 years before (Study 1) and during (Study 2) the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Adolescents completed an online survey as part of the Built Environment and Active Transport to School (BEATS) studies in 2014/2015 (Study 1; n = 1,266; age: 15.3 ± 1.4 years; 54.6% female) and 2021/2022 (Study 2; n = 819; age: 15.2 ± 1.4 years; 47.4% female). The proportion of adolescents meeting guidelines for physical activity (≥ 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), outside school screen time (≤ 2 h/day) and fruit and vegetable intake (> 1 serving/day for both fruit and vegetables) was calculated. Data were analysed using multivariable linear and logistic regression modelling. RESULTS: Few adolescents met recommended health behaviour guidelines. Compared to Study 1, significantly greater proportions of adolescents at Study 2 met guidelines for physical activity (16.7% vs. 23.1%; p < 0.001) and outside school screen time (13.3% vs. 18.3%; p < 0.001) while fruit and vegetable intake was not different (29.6% vs. 27.0%; p = 0.322). Compared to Study 1, average outside school screen time at Study 2 was lower on both weekdays (5.0 ± 2.9 vs. 4.6 ± 2.9; p < 0.001) and weekend days (6.9 ± 3.5 vs. 6.1 ± 3.6 h/day; p < 0.001). Reported frequency of consuming sweets was higher and soft drinks lower at Study 2 versus Study 1. CONCLUSIONS: Despite observed higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of outside school screen time during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic levels, few adolescents met health behaviour guidelines at both time points. Therefore, comprehensive health promotion that aims to improve physical activity levels, screen time and dietary patterns for adolescents is still necessary to prevent chronic health conditions adulthood.
- ItemSchool Choice, Distance to School and Travel to School Patterns Among Adolescents(Elsevier, 2023-10-03) Mandic, S; Sandretto, S; Hopkins, D; Wilson, G; Kidd, G; García Bengoechea, EIntroduction: The absence of school zoning and availability of school choice in some countries leads to increasing travel distance to school, reduced active transport and increased motorized transport to school. This study compared sociodemographic characteristics, reasons for school choice and school transport patterns among urban adolescents based on their enrolment in the closest or a non-closest school and living within walkable or non-walkable distance to school. Methods: Adolescents (n = 2869) from all twelve secondary schools in Dunedin, New Zealand completed an online questionnaire about school choice and school transport in 2014–2015 and 2020–2022. Participants were categorized into four groups based on home-to-school distance and school enrolment: enrolled in the closest school within walking distance (≤2.25 km) (‘closest + walkable’; 22.7%) or not (‘closest + non-walkable’; 20.3%), and enrolled in a non-closest school within walking distance (‘non-closest + walkable’; 6.2%) or not (‘non-closest + non-walkable’; 50.1%). Results: Overall, 43% of adolescents initially enrolled in the closest school, and only half of those lived within walking distance to school. Enrolment in a co-educational school, a non-special character school and a lower decile school and choosing a school because of proximity and social connections were more common among those who enrolled in the closest versus a non-closest school (all p < 0.05). Rates of active transport were higher among those living within walkable distance to school, irrespective of enrolment in the closest or a non-closest school (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings show that distance to school is more consequential than school choice itself regarding how adolescents travel to school.
- ItemStatus and Trends of Physical Activity Surveillance, Policy, and Research in 164 Countries: Findings from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity-GoPA! 2015 and 2020 Surveys(Human Kinetics, 2022-12-19) Ramírez Varela, Andrea; Hallal, Pedro C; Mejía Grueso, Juliana; Pedišić, Željko; Salvo, Deborah; Nguyen, Anita; Klepac, Bojana; Bauman, Adrian; Siefken, Katja; Hinckson, Erica; Oyeyemi, Adewale L; Richards, Justin; Salih Khidir, Elena Daniela; Inoue, Shigeru; Amagasa, Shiho; Jauregui, Alejandra; da Silva, Marcelo Cozzensa; Lee, I-Min; Ding, Melody; Kohl, Harold W; Ekelund, Ulf; Heath, Gregory W; Powell, Kenneth E; Foster, Charlie; Memon, Aamir Raoof; Doumbia, Abdoulaye; Rather, Abdul Roof; Razzaque, Abdur; Diouf, Adama; Hino, Adriano Akira; Damasceno, Albertino; Abebe, Alem Deksisa; Florindo, Alex Antonio; Mannocci, Alice; Aringazina, Altyn; Juričan, Andrea Backović; Poffet, Andrea; Decelis, Andrew; Carlin, Angela; Enescu, Angelica; Ochoa Avilés, Angélica María; Kontsevaya, Anna; Somhegyi, Annamaria; Vuillemin, Anne; El Hamdouchi, Asmaa; Théodore, Asse Amangoua; Masanovic, Bojan; Lynch, Brigid M; Medina, Catalina; Del Campo, Cecilia; Abdeta, Chalchisa; Moreways, Changa; Ranasinghe, Chathuranga; Howitt, Christina; Cameron, Christine; Jurakić, Danijel; Martinez-Gomez, David; Tladi, Dawn; Diro, Debrework Tesfaye; Adlakha, Deepti; Mitić, Dušan; Bjelica, Duško; Biernat, Elżbieta; Chisati, Enock M; Lambert, Estelle Victoria; Cerin, Ester; Lee, Eun-Young; Riso, Eva-Maria; Cañete Villalba, Felicia; Assah, Felix; Lovrić, Franjo; Araya-Vargas, Gerardo A; La Torre, Giuseppe; Cruz, Gloria Isabel Niño; Baltaci, Gul; Al Sabbah, Haleama; Nalecz, Hanna; Nashandi, Hilde Liisa; Park, Hyuntae; Revuelta-Sánchez, Inés; Nusurupia, Jackline Jema; Zamora, Jaime Leppe; Kopcakova, Jaroslava; Brazo-Sayavera, Javier; Oppert, Jean-Michel; Nie, Jinlei; Spence, John C; Bradley, John Stewart; Mota, Jorge; Mitáš, Josef; Chen, Junshi; Hylton, Kamilah S; Fromel, Karel; Milton, Karen; Borodulin, Katja; Moustapha, Keita Amadou; Martinez-Folgar, Kevin; Nasreddine, Lara; Christiansen, Lars Breum; Malisoux, Laurent; Malete, Leapetswe; Grepo-Jalao, Lorelie C; Monteiro, Luciana Zaranza; Al Subhi, Lyutha K; Dakskobler, Maja; Alnaji, Majed; Garro, Margarita Claramunt; Hagströmer, Maria; Murphy, Marie H; Mclaughlin, Matthew; Rivera-Morales, Mercedes; Scheinowitz, Mickey; Shkodra, Mimoza; Piątkowska, Monika; Chaudhury, Moushumi; Alrashdi, Naif Ziyad; Mutrie, Nanette; Murphy, Niamh; Ahmad, Norhayati Haji; Obeidat, Nour A; Gómez, Nubia Yaneth Ruiz; Liangruenrom, Nucharapon; Arnesto, Oscar Díaz; Flores-Flores, Oscar; Incarbone, Oscar; Chimeddamba, Oyun; Bovet, Pascal; Magalhães, Pedro; Jousilahti, Pekka; Katewongsa, Piyawat; Gómez, Rafael Alexander Leandro; Shihab, Rawan Awni; Ocansey, Reginald; Veress, Réka; Marine, Richard; Carrizales-Ramos, Rolando; Saeed, Saad Younis; El-Ashker, Said; Green, Samuel; Kasoma, Sandra; Beretervide, Santiago; Baldew, Se-Sergio; Nichols, Selby; Khoo, Selina; Hosseini, Seyed Ali; Goenka, Shifalika; Gholamalishahi, Shima; Kosen, Soewarta; Compernolle, Sofie; Enescu, Stefan Paul; Popovic, Stevo; Paudel, Susan; Andrade, Susana; Titze, Sylvia; Davidson, Tamu; Dusingizimana, Theogene; Dorner, Thomas E; Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L; Huong, Tran Thanh; Sychareun, Vanphanom; Jarevska-Simovska, Vera; Puloka, Viliami Kulikefu; Onywera, Vincent; Wendel-Vos, Wanda; Dionyssiotis, Yannis; Pratt, MichaelBACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) surveillance, policy, and research efforts need to be periodically appraised to gain insight into national and global capacities for PA promotion. The aim of this paper was to assess the status and trends in PA surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries. METHODS: We used data from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) 2015 and 2020 surveys. Comprehensive searches were performed for each country to determine the level of development of their PA surveillance, policy, and research, and the findings were verified by the GoPA! Country Contacts. Trends were analyzed based on the data available for both survey years. RESULTS: The global 5-year progress in all 3 indicators was modest, with most countries either improving or staying at the same level. PA surveillance, policy, and research improved or remained at a high level in 48.1%, 40.6%, and 42.1% of the countries, respectively. PA surveillance, policy, and research scores decreased or remained at a low level in 8.3%, 15.8%, and 28.6% of the countries, respectively. The highest capacity for PA promotion was found in Europe, the lowest in Africa and low- and lower-middle-income countries. Although a large percentage of the world's population benefit from at least some PA policy, surveillance, and research efforts in their countries, 49.6 million people are without PA surveillance, 629.4 million people are without PA policy, and 108.7 million live in countries without any PA research output. A total of 6.3 billion people or 88.2% of the world's population live in countries where PA promotion capacity should be significantly improved. CONCLUSION: Despite PA is essential for health, there are large inequalities between countries and world regions in their capacity to promote PA. Coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the inequalities and improve the global capacity for PA promotion.
- ItemTravel to School Patterns and Perceptions of Walking to School in New Zealand Adolescents Before Versus During the COVID-19 Pandemic(Elsevier BV, 2024-05-01) Mandic, S; García Bengoechea, E; Coppell, KJ; Keall, M; Smith, M; Hopkins, D; Sandretto, S; Wilson, G; Kidd, G; Flaherty, C; Mindell, JS; Stephenson, J; King, K; Kentala, K; Rolleston, A; Spence, JCBackground: In many countries, adolescents' active school travel rates were declining prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequent changes in active school travel have not yet been investigated systematically. This study compared school travel modes and adolescents' perceptions of walking to school 5–6 years before (period 1 (P1)) and 1–2 years after (period 2 (P2)) the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Adolescents from Dunedin, New Zealand, completed an online questionnaire about their school travel and perceptions of walking to school in 2014–2015 (P1; n = 1463; 55.2% female) and 2021–2022 (P2; n = 1421; 44.4% female). Home-to-school distance was calculated using Geographic Information Systems. Data analysis included Chi-square tests, logistic regression and ordinary least squares regression. Results: The odds of adolescents walking to school ‘all the time’ or ‘most of the time’ versus ‘never’, ‘sometimes’ or ‘rarely’ were significantly lower in P2 compared with P1. The odds following the pandemic onset were only 0.58 of those pre-pandemic (95% CI: 0.43–0.79), controlling for differences between the two samples. During the same period the proportion of adolescents living in households with ≥2 vehicles increased from 69% to 78%. Adolescents' attitudes towards walking to school indicated significantly lower intentions and higher perceived barriers to walking to school in P2 versus P1, although differences were smaller among those living within walking distance to school. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for renewed and extended efforts from cross-sectoral actors to support active school transport among adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic recovery efforts and in future similar events.