A Flexible and Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna with Small Dimensions and Simple Layout for Wireless Communication Systems Operating over 1.65–2.51 GHz

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aut.relation.endpage601
aut.relation.issue5en_NZ
aut.relation.journalElectronicsen_NZ
aut.relation.startpage601
aut.relation.volume10en_NZ
aut.researcherLi, Xuejun
dc.contributor.authorGhaffar, Aen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorLi, XJen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorAwan, WAen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorNaqvi, AHen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorHussain, Nen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorAlibakhshikenari, Men_NZ
dc.contributor.authorLimiti, Een_NZ
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-12T00:53:04Z
dc.date.available2021-03-12T00:53:04Z
dc.description.abstractThis research article proposes a compact frequency and pattern reconfigurable flexible antenna for heterogeneous applications. A triangular monopole antenna with a semicircular stub is made frequency and pattern tunable by connecting and disconnecting two inverted L-shaped stubs utilizing diodes. When either of the stubs is connected to the radiator, a relative phase difference happens at both ends of the radiator that changes the direction of the electromagnetic radiations, consequently pattern reconfigurability can be obtain. Besides that, because of the reactive load introduced by the stubs, the antenna’s effective length has changed and, as a result, the frequency reconfigurability can be attained. The antenna features a compact size of 40 × 50 × 0.254 mm3 corresponding to 0.22λo × 0.27λo × 0.001λo, where λo is free-space wavelength at 1.65 GHz, while its operational bandwidth is from 1.65 GHz to 2.51 GHz, with an average gain and radiation efficiency of better than 2.2 dBi and 80%, exhibiting a pattern reconfigurability of 180° in the E-plane. The frequency of the proposed antenna can be switched from 2.1 GHz to 1.8 GHz by switching the state of both diodes in OFF and ON-state, respectively. The fabricated prototype of the antenna is tested to verify its performance parameters. In addition, to validate the proposed design, it has been compared with prior arts in terms of the overall size, reconfigurability type, flexibility, radio frequency (RF) switch type used for reconfigurability, and frequency bandwidth. The proposed antenna provides smaller size with a large bandwidth coverage alongside with discrete RF switch type with the advantages of flexibility and both frequency and pattern reconfigurability. As a result, the proposed compact flexible and pattern reconfigurable antenna is a promising candidate for heterogeneous applications, including the global system for mobile (GSM) band (1800 and 1900 MHz) and industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band (2.4 GHz) along with well-known cellular communication bands of 3G, 4G, and long term evolution (LTE) bands ranging from 1700–2300 MHz around the globe.en_NZ
dc.identifier.citationElectronics, 10(5), 601. doi:10.3390/electronics10050601
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/electronics10050601en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn2079-9292en_NZ
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10292/14048
dc.languageenen_NZ
dc.publisherMDPI AGen_NZ
dc.relation.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/5/601
dc.rights© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
dc.rights.accessrightsOpenAccessen_NZ
dc.subjectFlexible antenna; Frequency reconfigurability; Pattern reconfigurable; 3G; 4G
dc.titleA Flexible and Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna with Small Dimensions and Simple Layout for Wireless Communication Systems Operating over 1.65–2.51 GHzen_NZ
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.elements-id398714
pubs.organisational-data/AUT
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies/School of Engineering, Computer & Mathematical Sciences
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