School of Clinical Sciences

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The School of Clinical Sciences plays an important role in specialist teaching and research conducted by its academic staff and postgraduate students. This places AUT students at the forefront of much of the ground-breaking research undertaken in New Zealand, especially in the fields of Midwifery, Nursing, Occupational Therapy, Oral Health, Paramedicine, Physiotherapy, Podiatry.

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 724
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    Empowering Pacific Patients on the Weight Loss Surgery Pathway: A Co-designed Evaluation Study
    (Springer, 2024-02-12) Taylor, Tamasin; Beban, Grant; Yi, Elaine; Veukiso, Michael; Sang-Yum, Genevieve; Dewes, Ofa; Wrapson, Wendy; Taufa, Nalei; Campbell, Andrew RT; Siegert, Richard; Shepherd, Peter
    Purpose: Despite having the highest medical needs by population for weight loss treatment, Pacific patients in Aotearoa New Zealand face substantial levels of attrition in publicly funded weight loss surgery programs. In collaboration with the Auckland City Hospital bariatric surgery team, a Pacific-led preoperative weight loss surgery program was co-designed, delivered, and evaluated between 2020 and 2023. Materials and Methods: This was a single-arm, prospective co-designed evaluation study that took place at Auckland City Hospital in Aotearoa New Zealand. Participants were Pacific patients (n = 14) referred to the weight loss surgery program. Survey and video diaries were analyzed to determine if the program had the potential to increase Pacific patient retention through the preoperative stage of weight loss surgery, increase surgery completion rates, and improve the quality of treatment experiences. Results: Nine out of 14 participants attended all preoperative sessions. Six participants subsequently underwent weight loss surgery. Program components that had positive impacts on patient success and satisfaction were accessibility, information quality, having Pacific role models, cultural safety, and the group support system. The patients found the program to be culturally anchored and there was support for the implementation of the program going forward. Conclusion: This study demonstrated how a culturally anchored intervention can increase patient retention for those patients who may not respond to mainstream treatment. Adjusting existing preoperative weight loss surgery programs to integrate Pacific-led models of healthcare has the potential to increase Pacific patient resiliency to follow through with surgery. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)
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    Lateral Wedging of the Foot: A Scoping Review
    (American Podiatric Medical Association, 2023-11-07) Jackson, Aaron; Reid, Duncan; Sheerin, Kelly; Molyneux, Prue; Carroll, Matt
    Lateral wedges are a common intervention used to alter biomechanical function of the lower limb. Although there is evidence investigating the use and impact of lateral wedges in individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis, knowledge of how these wedges affect foot function in healthy adults is limited. Therefore, this study intends to investigate how lateral wedging affects foot function in healthy adults and, furthermore, how wedge design influences the outcome. The framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley was used for this scoping review. To ensure methodologic quality and transparent reporting, the study adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews preferred reporting guidelines. A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE by means of EBSCO; SPORT Discuss; CINAHL; AMED by means of OVID; and Scopus. The initial search yielded 252 articles in total; 21 studies were included in the final analysis. Significant incongruence exists in descriptions of wedge length among the 21 included studies. Thirteen studies (61%) reported using full-length wedges, five studies did not report wedge length, and only one study analyzed more than one wedge length. Ethylene vinyl acetate was the most common material, and reporting of hardness was inconsistent. A broad range of inclination angles were used, with limited explanation for why these values were selected. All but one study that analyzed ankle/subtalar joint frontal plane moments reported an increase in the external eversion moment. The review identified significant variation in the design of wedges used within this body of work and a lack of investigation into the influence of wedge design. Wedge design appears to be a secondary consideration, with very few studies examining multiple material types or wedge placements. All but one of the included studies reported a significant change in ankle/subtalar joint moments with lateral wedging. Unfortunately, further generalization was not possible because of the inconsistency and variation.
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    Using an Online Platform for Conducting Face-To-Face Interviews
    (SAGE Publishing, 2024-02-07) Wakelin, Karen; Fleming, Tania; McAra-Couper, Judith
    Semi-structured interviews are useful for exploring participants experiences, understandings, and opinions on a particular issue. Traditionally, interviews have taken place in-person however, because of in-person restrictions with Covid-19, and with the changing landscape of online connection, opportunities have arisen for how to conduct interviews using an online platform. The purpose of this article is to highlight the first author’s experiences with using an online platform to conduct face-to-face interviews and the valuable contribution that online interviewing could offer as a valid research tool that differs to that of in-person face-to-face interviews. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted with fourteen midwives and five pregnant people from New Zealand using Microsoft Teams. Interviews were videorecorded and conducted as part of a larger mixed methods multiphase study to explore participants experiences with how they use communication technology to connect with one another. The interviews took place between September 2022 – May 2023. Two key areas which highlight the benefits and challenges with online interviews were identified. These were around the potential to ‘capture the essence of the person’ and through the flexibility of the technology in enabling FTF connections. Challenges were also noted around connectivity issues. Videorecording online interviews offered an ability to capture the ‘essence of the person’ through visual and auditory cues. These same cues were shown to assist with lipreading when transcribing inaudible words which can assist in the analysis of data. There were disruptions to some interviews due to interviewing taking place in the person’s home and connectivity issues, however, these were felt to be minimal. Online interviewing should not be considered a ‘poor relation’ to in-person face-to-face interviews, but instead, a valuable option that contributes towards the growing body of knowledge around online interviewing as a valid research tool that is different from face-to-face.
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    Review Article: Emergency Medical Services Transfer of Severe Traumatic Brain Injured Patients to a Neuroscience Centre: A Systematic Review
    (Wiley, 2024-01-23) Jones, B; Dicker, B; Howie, G; Todd, V
    Patients with severe traumatic brain injuries require urgent medical attention at a hospital. We evaluated whether transporting adult patients with a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to a Neuroscience Centre is associated with reduced mortality. We reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2023 on severe TBI in adults (>18 years) using Medline, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases. We focused on mortality rates and the impact of transferring patients to a Neuroscience Centre, delays to neurosurgery and EMS triage accuracy. This review analysed seven studies consisting of 53 365 patients. When patients were directly transported to a Neuroscience Centre, no improvement in survivability was demonstrated. Subsequently, transferring patients from a local hospital to a Neuroscience Centre was significantly associated with reduced mortality in one study (adjusted odds ratio: 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.64–0.96), and 24-h (relative risk [RR]: 0.31, 0.11–0.83) and 30-day (RR: 0.66, 0.46–0.96) mortality in another. Patients directly transported to a Neuroscience Centre were more unwell than those taken to a local hospital. Subsequent transfers increased time to CT scanning and neurosurgery in several studies, although these were not statistically significant. Additionally, EMS could accurately triage. None of the included studies demonstrated statistically significant findings indicating that direct transportation to a Neuroscience Centre increased survivability for patients with severe traumatic brain injuries. Subsequent transfers from a non-Neuroscience Centre to a Neuroscience Centre reduced mortality rates at 24 h and 30 days. Further research is required to understand the differences between direct transport and subsequent transfers to Neuroscience Centres.
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    2023 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Educati
    (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2023-12-12) Berg, KM; Bray, JE; Ng, KC; Liley, HG; Greif, R; Carlson, JN; Morley, PT; Drennan, IR; Smyth, M; Scholefield, BR; Weiner, GM; Cheng, A; Djärv, T; Abelairas-Gómez, C; Acworth, J; Andersen, LW; Atkins, DL; Berry, DC; Bhanji, F; Bierens, J; Couto, TB; Borra, V; Böttiger, BW; Bradley, RN; Breckwoldt, J; Cassan, P; Chang, WT; Charlton, NP; Chung, SP; Considine, J; Costa-Nobre, DT; Couper, K; Dainty, KN; Dassanayake, V; Davis, PG; Dawson, JA; de Almeida, MF; De Caen, AR; Deakin, CD; Dicker, B; Douma, MJ; Eastwood, K; El-Naggar, W; Fabres, JG; Fawke, J; Fijacko, N; Finn, JC; Flores, GE; Foglia, EE; Folke, F; Gilfoyle, E; Goolsby, CA; Granfeldt, A; Guerguerian, AM; Guinsburg, R; Hatanaka, T; Hirsch, KG; Holmberg, MJ; Hosono, S; Hsieh, MJ; Hsu, CH; Ikeyama, T; Isayama, T; Johnson, NJ; Kapadia, VS; Kawakami, MD; Kim, HS; Kleinman, ME; Kloeck, DA; Kudenchuk, P; Kule, A; Kurosawa, H; Lagina, AT; Lauridsen, KG; Lavonas, EJ; Lee, HC; Lin, Y; Lockey, AS; Macneil, F; Maconochie, IK; Madar, RJ; Hansen, CM; Masterson, S; Matsuyama, T; McKinlay, CJD; Meyran, D; Monnelly, V; Nadkarni, V; Nakwa, FL; Nation, KJ; Nehme, Z; Nemeth, M; Neumar, RW; Nicholson, T; Nikolaou, N; Nishiyama, C; Norii, T; Nuthall, GA; Ohshimo, S; Olasveengen, TM
    The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation engages in a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid science. Draft Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations are posted online throughout the year, and this annual summary provides more concise versions of the final Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations from all task forces for the year. Topics addressed by systematic reviews this year include resuscitation of cardiac arrest from drowning, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adults and children, calcium during cardiac arrest, double sequential defibrillation, neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest for adults and children, maintaining normal temperature after preterm birth, heart rate monitoring methods for diagnostics in neonates, detection of exhaled carbon dioxide in neonates, family presence during resuscitation of adults, and a stepwise approach to resuscitation skills training. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces list priority knowledge gaps for further research. Additional topics are addressed with scoping reviews and evidence updates.
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